單細胞高通量細胞激光牽張拉伸應力加載與力學屬性分析系統
Optical Stretcher是用于細胞生物力學高通量測量研究的激光光學牽張拉伸**平臺技術。
****臺用來高通量測量單個懸浮細胞（懸液細胞）的變形能力設備。
該激光光學牽張拉伸器是個可以安裝在任何相位差顯微鏡上的模塊。溫度穩定和激光**的顯微鏡系統。
Optical Stretcher 
**研究（Innovation in Research）
Optical Stretcher激光光學牽張拉伸器是一種新穎的用來測量和分析單個懸液細胞生物力學特性（比如：如彈性和松弛）的激光工具。
非接觸式細胞形變(Contact-free cell deformation)
無接觸式細胞形變“開放=”0“的風格=”2“]是激光力引起的懸浮細胞形變，這決定**的無接觸式測量。這可確保均勻的細胞處理，避免因接觸引起的細胞反應文物。
高通量單細胞流變
通過集成的微流體系統可以很可以容易地測定300個細胞/小時。這樣就可以在**時間收集細胞流變顯著的統計數據
省時，自動測量（Timesaving, automated measurements）
對應于用戶定義的拉伸模式，細胞被自動傳送到測量區域進行形變。在光學拉伸加載運行實驗中，你可以專注于闡述實驗結果。
產品規格
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包括有兩個壓力控制通道的微流體系統
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*大每個光纖2功率W摻鐿光纖激光器
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安裝倒置相差顯微鏡
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激光**和溫度控制
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可選用組合熒光顯微鏡
軟件規格
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使用CellStretcher模塊控制所有組件和自動測量細胞
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由CellEvaluator提取記錄顯微圖像形變數據
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由CellReporter統計分析和可視化特性參數
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為自己的統計分析訪問原始數據
產品特點：
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非接觸式和無標記的細胞測量
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高通量-250細胞/小時
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省時的自動測量
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模塊可以在任何倒置相差顯微鏡進行安裝
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外殼激光**和穩定的溫度
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數據評估軟件
產品規格：
Fibolux laser system 2 W
reliable microfluidic system for easy probe handling
尺寸 cm (w x h x d): 70 x 80 x 100
Options
combination with fluorescence microscopy
技術
optical stretcher 是一種新穎的微操縱單個生物細胞激光工具，探討在懸浮液的粘彈性性質[1]。
通過兩個對立的激光束鉗持一個細胞，進行牽張拉伸細胞兩邊。更高的激光功率使細胞發生形變。
細胞的形變是由CCD相機記錄，并由一專門設計的軟件進行評估。
Optical Stretcher 測量室集成有微流系統，使得細胞容易地一個接一個地輸送
可以達到每小時約250個細胞的高吞吐率，允許相對于其它工具，例如原子力顯微鏡（AFM）更好的統計信息。
Momentum transfer at the cell surface
Cell mechanics as a disease marker
The physical mechanics of cells are important for their regular, biological functioning and are regulated by a structure called the cytoskeleton. It is involved in many vital processes of the cell. If these are changes this naturally results also in changes of the biomechanical properties, which can be measured with the Optical Stretcher. There is already published data for cancer [2, 3] and for the effect of cell aging [4].
Several ongoing studies examine the ability of the Optical Stretcher to differentiate between the stages of a cancer tumor, making it a valuable tool for both scientific research and clinical diagnosis [5].
Cell types can be differentiated by their deformation in the optical stretcher
細胞形變力源自激光。當光被折射在細胞表面存在的光子的動量的變化。因為整體動量必須始終保守有一個在垂直于作用于它的力形式的動量轉移到細胞表面。
Research
Our device allows various applications in basic research of biophysics, biology & medicine.
Industry
Due to the high-throughput the Optical Stretcher is suitable for industrial drug-screening.
Clinical Diagnostic
First clinical trials with breast cancer tumors show a different deformation of cancerous cells.
應用：
生物物理研究（Biophysical Research）
Characterization of fundamental cytoskeletal functions and processes in eukaryotic cells
**篩選（Drug Screening）
Testing new substances and their efficiency on a cellular basis
Aging proscesses
Identification of markers for cell aging and testing of anti-aging substances
干細胞分化（Differentiation）
Utilization of cell stiffness as a marker for differentiation processes in stem cells
Immune response
Investigation of cytoskeletal changes of immune-activated cells
Mechanisms of diseases
New insight in cellular changes caused by diseases such as cancer, malaria or sepsis
Publications
Optical Stretcher Technology
Lincoln, B., Schinkinger, S., Travis, K., Wottawah, F., Ebert, S., Sauer, F., Guck, J., 2007. Reconfigurable microfluidic integration of a dual-beam laser trap with biomedical applications. Biomed. Microdevices 9, 703–710. doi:10.1007/s10544-007-9079-x
Ebert, S., Travis, K., Lincoln, B., Guck, J., 2007. Fluorescence ratio thermometry in a microfluidic dual-beam laser trap.Opt. Express 15, 15493–15499. doi:10.1364/OE.15.015493
Jensen-McMullin, C., Lee, H.P., Lyons, E.R.L., 2005. Demonstration of trapping, motion control, sensing and fluorescence detection of polystyrene beads in a multi-fiber optical trap. Opt. Express 13, 2634–2642. doi:10.1364/OPEX.13.002634
Wottawah, F., Schinkinger, S., Lincoln, B., Ananthakrishnan, R., Romeyke, M., Guck, J., K?s, J., 2005.Optical Rheology of Biological Cells. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 098103. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.098103
Lincoln, B., Erickson, H.M., Schinkinger, S., Wottawah, F., Mitchell, D., Ulvick, S., Bilby, C., Guck, J., 2004. Deformability-based flow cytometry.Cytometry A 59A, 203–209. doi:10.1002/cyto.a.20050
Theoretical Models
Ananthakrishnan, R., Guck, J., Wottawah, F., Schinkinger, S., Lincoln, B., Romeyke, M., Kas, J., 2005. Modelling the structural response of an eukaryotic cell in the optical stretcher. Curr. Sci. 88.
B. Bareil, P., Sheng, Y., Chiou, A., 2006. Local scattering stress distribution on surface of a spherical cell in optical stretcher. Opt. Express 14, 12503–12509. doi:10.1364/OE.14.012503
Bareil, P.B., Sheng, Y., Chen, Y.-Q., Chiou, A., 2007. Calculation of spherical red blood cell deformation in a dual-beam optical stretcher. Opt. Express 15, 16029–16034. doi:10.1364/OE.15.016029
Boyde, L., Ekpenyong, A., Whyte, G., Guck, J., 2012. Comparison of stresses on homogeneous spheroids in the optical stretcher computed with geometrical optics and generalized Lorenz–Mie theory. Appl. Opt. 51, 7934–7944. doi:10.1364/AO.51.007934
Ekpenyong, A.E., Posey, C.L., Chaput, J.L., Burkart, A.K., Marquardt, M.M., Smith, T.J., Nichols, M.G., 2009. Determination of cell elasticity through hybrid ray optics and continuum mechanics modeling of cell deformation in the optical stretcher.Appl. Opt. 48, 6344–6354. doi:10.1364/AO.48.006344
Teo, S.-K., Goryachev, A.B., Parker, K.H., Chiam, K.-H., 2010. Cellular deformation and intracellular stress propagation during optical stretching. Phys. Rev. E 81, 051924. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.81.051924
Cancer research and diagnostics
Martin, M., Müller, K., Cadenas, C., Hermes, M., Zink, M., Hengstler, J.G., K?s, J.A., 2012. ERBB2 overexpression triggers transient high mechanoactivity of breast tumor cells. Cytoskeleton 69, 267–277. doi:10.1002/cm.21023
Fritsch, A., H?ckel, M., Kiessling, T., Nnetu, K.D., Wetzel, F., Zink, M., K?s, J.A., 2010. Are biomechanical changes necessary for tumour progression?Nat. Phys. 6, 730–732. doi:10.1038/nphys1800
Brunner, C., Niendorf, A., K?s, J.A., 2009. Passive and active single-cell biomechanics: a new perspective in cancer diagnosis. Soft Matter 5, 2171–2178. doi:10.1039/B807545J
Remmerbach, T.W., Wottawah, F., Dietrich, J., Lincoln, B., Wittekind, C., Guck, J., 2009. Oral Cancer Diagnosis by Mechanical Phenotyping. Cancer Res. 69, 1728–1732. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-4073
Martin, M., Mueller, K., Wottawah, F., Schinkinger, S., Lincoln, B., Romeyke, M., K?s, J.A., 2006. Feeling with light for cancer. p. 60800P–60800P–10. doi:10.1117/12.637899
Guck, J., Schinkinger, S., Lincoln, B., Wottawah, F., Ebert, S., Romeyke, M., Lenz, D., Erickson, H.M., Ananthakrishnan, R., Mitchell, D., K?s, J., Ulvick, S., Bilby, C., 2005. Optical Deformability as an Inherent Cell Marker for Testing Malignant Transformation and Metastatic Competence. Biophys. J. 88, 3689–3698. doi:10.1529/biophysj.104.045476
Stem cell research
Ekpenyong, A.E., Whyte, G., Chalut, K., Pagliara, S., Lautenschlaeger, F., Fiddler, C., Paschke, S., Keyser, U.F., Chilvers, E.R., Guck, J., 2012.Viscoelastic Properties of Differentiating Blood Cells Are Fate- and Function-Dependent. Plos One 7, e45237. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045237
Galle, J., Bader, A., Hepp, P., Grill, W., Fuchs, B., Kas, J.A., Krinner, A., MarquaB, B., Muller, K., Schiller, J., Schulz, R.M., von Buttlar, M., von der Burg, E., Zscharnack, M., Loffler, M., 2010. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cartilage Repair: State of the Art and Methods to monitor Cell Growth, Differentiation and Cartilage Regeneration. Curr. Med. Chem. 17, 2274–2291. doi:10.2174/092986710791331095
Maloney, J.M., Nikova, D., Lautenschlager, F., Clarke, E., Langer, R., Guck, J., Van Vliet, K.J., 2010. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Mechanics from the Attached to the Suspended State. Biophys. J. 99, 2479–2487. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2010.08.052
Lautenschl?ger, F., Paschke, S., Schinkinger, S., Bruel, A., Beil, M., Guck, J., 2009. The regulatory role of cell mechanics for migration of differentiating myeloid cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 106, 15696–15701. doi:10.1073/pnas.0811261106
Basic research
Gyger, M., Stange, R., Kiessling, T.R., Fritsch, A., Kostelnik, K.B., Beck-Sickinger, A.G., Zink, M., Kaes, J.A., 2014. Active contractions in single suspended epithelial cells. Eur. Biophys. J. Biophys. Lett. 43, 11–23. doi:10.1007/s00249-013-0935-8
Seltmann, K., Fritsch, A.W., K?s, J.A., Magin, T.M., 2013. Keratins significantly contribute to cell stiffness and impact invasive behavior. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 201310493. doi:10.1073/pnas.1310493110
Kie?ling, T.R., Stange, R., K?s, J.A., Fritsch, A.W., 2013. Thermorheology of living cells—impact of temperature variations on cell mechanics. New J. Phys. 15, 045026. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/15/4/045026
Kie?ling, T.R., Herrera, M., Nnetu, K.D., Balzer, E.M., Girvan, M., Fritsch, A.W., Martin, S.S., K?s, J.A., Losert, W., 2013. Analysis of multiple physical parameters for mechanical phenotyping of living cells. Eur. Biophys. J. 42, 383–394. doi:10.1007/s00249-013-0888-y
Paschke, S., Weidner, A.F., Paust, T., Marti, O., Beil, M., Ben-Chetrit, E., 2013. Technical advance: Inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis by colchicine is modulated through viscoelastic properties of subcellular compartments. J. Leukoc. Biol. 94, 1091–1096. doi:10.1189/jlb.1012510
Chalut, K.J., H?pfler, M., Lautenschl?ger, F., Boyde, L., Chan, C.J., Ekpenyong, A., Martinez-Arias, A., Guck, J., 2012. Chromatin decondensation and nuclear softening accompany Nanog downregulation in embryonic stem cells. Biophys. J. 103, 2060–2070. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2012.10.015
Matthews, H.K., Delabre, U., Rohn, J.L., Guck, J., Kunda, P., Baum, B., 2012. Changes in Ect2 localization couple actomyosin-dependent cell shape changes to mitotic progression. Dev. Cell 23, 371–383. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2012.06.003
Mauritz, J.M.A., Esposito, A., Tiffert, T., Skepper, J.N., Warley, A., Yoon, Y.-Z., Cicuta, P., Lew, V.L., Guck, J.R., Kaminski, C.F., 2010. Biophotonic techniques for the study of malaria-infected red blood cells. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 48, 1055–1063. doi:10.1007/s11517-010-0668-0
Rusciano, G., 2010. Experimental analysis of Hb oxy–deoxy transition in single optically stretched red blood cells. Phys. Med. 26, 233–239. doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2010.02.001
Aging processes
Schulze, C., Wetzel, F., Kueper, T., Malsen, A., Muhr, G., Jaspers, S., Blatt, T., Wittern, K.-P., Wenck, H., K?s, J.A., 2010.Stiffening of Human Skin Fibroblasts with Age. Biophys. J. 99, 2434–2442. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2010.08.026
Vesicles
Solmaz, M.E., Sankhagowit, S., Biswas, R., Mejia, C.A., Povinelli, M.L., Malmstadt, N., 2013. Optical stretching as a tool to investigate the mechanical properties of lipid bilayers. Rsc Adv. 3, 16632–16638. doi:10.1039/c3ra42510j
Solmaz, M.E., Biswas, R., Sankhagowit, S., Thompson, J.R., Mejia, C.A., Malmstadt, N., Povinelli, M.L., 2012. Optical stretching of giant unilamellar vesicles with an integrated dual-beam optical trap. Biomed. Opt. Express 3, 2419–2427. doi:10.1364/BOE.3.002419
Technical advances
Bellini, N., Bragheri, F., Cristiani, I., Guck, J., Osellame, R., Whyte, G., 2012. Validation and perspectives of a femtosecond laser fabricated monolithic optical stretcher. Biomed. Opt. Express 3, 2658–2668. doi:10.1364/BOE.3.002658
Bellini, N., Vishnubhatla, K.C., Bragheri, F., Ferrara, L., Minzioni, P., Ramponi, R., Cristiani, I., Osellame, R., 2010.Femtosecond laser fabricated monolithic chip for optical trapping and stretching of single cells. Opt. Express 18, 4679–4688. doi:10.1364/OE.18.004679